Trade between India and Russia in 2025
India-Russia trade relations in 2025 are growing quickly; their strategic cooperation is getting stronger, and new problems are arising because of changes in global geopolitics.
The size and structure of bilateral trade
India and Russia’s trade with each other has never been higher. It went from $1.4 billion in 1995 to about $65–66 billion in 2023–24, making India Russia’s second-largest trading partner.
India’s large-scale imports of discounted Russian crude oil, which now makes up more than 35% of India’s crude oil basket, as well as large imports of coal, fertilizer, and defense equipment, are the main reasons for the trade boom.
India’s main exports to Russia are medicines, electronics, iron and steel, tea, coffee, agricultural products, chemicals, and machinery.
Strategic Projects and Money
India and Russia agreed on six new strategic projects in April 2025.
These projects were part of the 8th Session of the India-Russia Working Group on Priority Investment Projects.
They focused on trade, technological innovation, and economic growth.
Both countries want to increase investment between them.
Indian companies are already working in Russia’s oil, gas, pharmaceuticals, and IT industries, while Russian companies are investing in India’s energy, infrastructure, and manufacturing.
By 2030, the two countries want to reach USD 100 billion in trade between them.
Important Areas of Cooperation
Energy:
Russia is an important source of crude oil, coal, LNG, and nuclear fuel for India. Long-term contracts for oil and fertilisers keep prices low in India.
Defense:
India still relies heavily on Russian military platforms like tanks, planes, submarines, and missile systems.
The percentage of Russian defence imports has dropped from 76% in 2009 to 36% in 2023 as India expands its purchasing to include Western suppliers.
Technology and Space:
India and Russia are working together on satellite navigation (making GLONASS and NavIC work together), sending people into space, and new fields like AI and cybersecurity.
Infrastructure and Connectivity:
The two countries are looking into working together to build infrastructure, such as the Chennai-Vladivostok maritime corridor and Arctic cooperation.
Problems and changing geopolitical situations
Sanctions and Ways to Pay:
Western sanctions on Russia have made it harder to send money.
India has solved some problems by letting Russian companies open special Vostro accounts in Indian banks, but there are still problems, especially as sanctions get stronger.
Trade Imbalance:
Russia’s trade relationship is heavily in its favour because it imports a lot of energy.
Experts say that India needs to send more goods to Russia in order to have a more balanced and long-lasting partnership.
Geopolitical Pressures:
Russia’s growing ties with China and India’s growing strategic alignment with the US and other Western countries make things more complicated.
India is also worried about delays in Russian defense deliveries, especially because of the conflict in Ukraine.
Effect of Sanctions:
Indian companies like Infosys, TATA, and L&T have cut back or stopped doing business in Russia because of sanctions.
India has also stayed away from buying LNG from Russian projects that are under sanctions.
Engagement in many ways and for strategic reasons
India and Russia still work closely together in groups like BRICS, SCO, G20, and the UN to support each other’s strategic goals and push for a world order that is not dominated by one country.
Russia backs India’s bid to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council and India’s Act Far East Policy.
What to expect in 2025 and beyond
The India-Russia economic partnership is likely to stay strong. Firstly, both countries are focusing on energy security. Secondly, they want to keep their strategic independence. Also, they are working together on technology. Therefore, this partnership will continue to grow stronger in future.
Both countries are working hard to make their trade relationship more diverse and “sanctions-proof” while also trying to balance their global partnerships and regional interests.
India’s dependence on Russian military hardware is still strong, even though the defense relationship is changing and India is trying to diversify.
In short, India-Russia trade relations in 2025 will have record-high trade volumes, their energy and strategic ties will grow stronger, and they will work hard to deal with the problems caused by sanctions and changing geopolitical alliances.
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